The circle shows the weakness in the north-western section of the contravallation line CC BY-SA 1.0 Imagine the feeling of despair for the Gauls inside the city as they watched the rapid construction of these siege works. The Fortifications built by Caesar in Alesia according to the hypothesis of the location in Alise-Sainte-Reine. Caesar set to work besieging the city, building a ten-mile-long circumvallation (siege wall) to encompass the city, including 23 redoubts – an engineering marvel. Vercingetorix sent out riders to summon his Gallic brothers to join him at the city and crush the Romans. Given that he had 80,000 soldiers in the hilltop city, surrounded by two rivers, it seemed an insurmountable position. Rather than sticking to his original plan of ignoring towns and waging a guerrilla war to oppose the Romans, Vercingetorix made the bizarre choice to make a stand at the town of Alesia.
Vercingetorix gave pursuit, though Caesar was able to link up with another of his armies following their northern campaign.
Gergovia went down as a rare defeat for Caesar. All Caesar could hope for now was to cover the retreat, though realizing the chaos unfolding, Vercingetorix led a cavalry charge which shattered the Roman lines. When a still-friendly force of Aedui arrived, they mistook them for enemies, and attacked their allies in the carnage. They thus charged the Gauls and found themselves repulsed and exhausted. His legions did not realize his strategy, and due to the ease in taking these camps, assumed they were preparing for a general assault. Caesar took four legions and defeated the renegade Aedui, with his two legions maintaining the siege of Gergovia being hard pressed.Ĭaesar decided to lure Vercingetorix onto open ground for battle, taking several Gallic camps as they marched down. The previously loyal Aedui were chosen to guard this supply line, but they now threw their lot in with Vercingetorix and attacked the Romans. Noting their insurmountable position, Caesar opted to attack the Gauls’ supply lines instead, and created a barricade to stop them being resupplied. Realizing he had been duped, Vercingetorix now moved to race Caesar to Gergovia.
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The extent of the Roman Republic in 40 BC after Caesar’s conquestsĬaesar then deceived Vercingetorix by marching two thirds of his army in six units (looking like the full force), while the rest of his army rebuilt a bridge, which the legions could then cross. Realising that Caesar was marching to occupy the plateau of Gergovia, Vercingetorix shadowed his army across a river, destroying bridges they came across so he could attack the legions as they forded the river. Having captured several other towns, Caesar then defeated a Gallic force at the Battle of Noviodunum. Caesar hurried back from Italia, swiftly capturing the town of Avaricum. Vercingetorix realised that Roman discipline and organisation gave them the advantage on the battlefield, so he refused to engage them, instead opting for a scorched earth policy to deny the Romans supplies. Setting aside generations of inter-tribal conflict, they began to unite against the invaders. Caesar had spent the previous year subduing the rebellion of Ambiorix, and while his revolt had failed, the Gauls were finally realizing that Rome was here to stay. Siege Of Alesia: Caesar Finishes Off the Gallic Wars In early 52 BC, Julius Caesar’s divide and conquer strategy finally came undone when the tribal leader Vercingetorix finally united the tribes behind him. CC BY-SA 3.0 “In this Caesar there are many Mariuses.” Battle Of Alesia Roman Empire The Roman world in 58 BC, before Gallia’s conquest by Caesar.
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